Thirty samples were examined to document the nannofossil assemblage and determine the biostratigraphic zonation. Samples were taken from a borehole drilled at Sisseton (NE South Dakota). 92 species of nannofossil were determined and photographed. Biostratigraphic study of calcareous nannofossils allowed recognition of Late Early Campanian to Early Late Campanian age for the studied section.

Regarding the way of facing the West and modernity, Ahmed Fardid is among the thinkers who, by adopting a philosophical and judgmental approach, rejects modernity, philosophy, and WESTERN civilization in its entirety. Fardid considers modernity and the West to have an inherent crisis and considers any attempt to patch up modernity with Eastern religions or cultures futile. Fardid, who is the creator of the word “Gharbzadegi (Westoxification)”, considers human sciences and WESTERN civilization to be nothing more than the inciting soul vanities and blasphemy. By adopting an essentialist and negative approach towards the modern world, he calls for a complete break from the subjectivism and humanism associated with the modern world and a return to Islamic-oriented philosophy (Hekmat-e Onsi). Seyyed Hossein Nasr, as a traditionalist thinker, rejects WESTERN civilization and modernity as a unified whole. He wants to incorporate modern science and reason and take perennial philosophy. In this paper, via a comparative analysis method, this hypothesis is examined that although Fardid and Nasr are sympathizers in the complete negation and rejection of the modern world, Fardid confronts modernity and its consequent subjectivism using Heidegger’s WESTERN thought. This is when Nasr confronts modernity from the perspective of a traditionalist thinker who believes in the foundations of tradition. Nasr considers the return to the perennial philosophy to solve confronting the WESTERN world and modernity, but Fardid faced with the modern world, emphasizes that although modernity is the exposure of self-fulfillment, one must strive to overcome it. It is difficult to return to the past.

The concept of a Γ-semihyperring is a generalization of a semiring, semihyperring, Γ-semiring. In this Paper we introduce the notion of bi-INTERIOR Γ-hyperideals, quasi-INTERIOR Γ-hyperideals and bi-quasi-INTERIOR Γ-hyperideals in a Γ-semihyperring as a generalization of Γ-hyperideal, left-Γ-hyperideal, right-Γ-hyperideals, bi Γ-hyperideal, quasi Γ-hyperideal, INTERIOR Γ-hyperideals of Γ-semihyperring. We studied the properties of these Γ-hyperideals and characterized them in simple Γ-semihyperring and regular Γ-semihyperring

"INTERIOR decoration", "INTERIOR design", and "INTERIOR architecture" are known as three names that refer to specialties that are focused on the organization of INTERIOR spaces. The emergence of these three specialties takes place in a historical process; first "INTERIOR decoration" in the early nineteenth century, then "INTERIOR design" in the early twentieth century, and then "INTERIOR architecture" about four decades ago. The precedence and delay in the emergence and application of these specialties does not mean the complete replacement of the latter over the earlier one; however, in some cases and for some reasons, the former specialty has been replaced by the latter. In fact, these three specialties, despite their many similarities and commonalities, have different meanings and uses and in relation to each other, and they have created a relationship that is questionable and worth considering. So the main question of this research is what is the relationship between the mergence of "INTERIOR decoration", "INTERIOR design", and "INTERIOR architecture".To answer the above question, first, the foundations and origins of each are examined and analyzed. This is because by finding the roots and recognizing the factors and conditions of each period, it is possible to identify the requirements and needs that have affected the emergence of each. These factors and conditions form a system in which they interact and are affected. As a result, their interaction leads to the formation and objectification of each of these specialties. After recognizing the way the three specialties are formed, their function and functional evolution have been studied in both the context of profession and education. In this way, the relationship between these three specialties is explained. Since the subject of this research is to know the origin of these professional areas and how it is formed, the main focus is on beginning to find the subject matter of these specialties that have lasted from the early nineteenth century to the late twentieth century. In the last two decades, these specialties have become more widespread in the profession and education, and so a careful study of this issue requires further opportunities. Therefore, the time period studied in this research is from around 1800 to 2000.So the goal of this study is to understand the relationship between these three titles. The methodology of this research is analytical, interpretive, and logical reasoning. This means that by searching, collecting, and organizing documents, and evaluating and interpreting data, a description of the origin and formation of these three specialties is provided. The findings of this study show how the factors influencing the formation and survival of "INTERIOR decoration", "INTERIOR design", and "INTERIOR architecture" operate and how they relate to each other. Since a relatively short time has passed since the introduction of these specialties, this research can help to understand each of these three areas of expertise more accurately and is effective in clarifying their position in relation to each other. Continuation of this research can help to develop the concepts and theoretical foundations of these specialties.

The proposed functions for some of the INTERIOR elements in the Sassanid fire temples have been always based on the finds in the WESTERN regions of Iran, while the same materials from the southern Iran have been neglected. The discovered stone and plaster bases which are usually interpreted as fireplaces’ bases have been observed in some sites on southern Iran, as well as several stone-plaster platforms which can give us some insightful information about the religious culture of Sassanid empire in the southern Iran. The present study tries to uncover the function of these architectural elements based on the archeological evidences from southern Iran especially eastern Fars and WESTERN Kerman and comparing them with the results obtained in other regions, written resources and also Zoroastrian traditions. The nature of the present study is historical and analytical – descriptive and the data collection method followed the field studies and library researches methods. All of the obtained and related evidences were collected and compared with the same monuments and finally the results were matched with the written sources and Zoroastrian traditions. The common points between the discoveries in eastern Fars and WESTERN Kerman and the evidences obtained from Takht-e Soleiman and Eslamabad-e Gharb is that in all them the platform have been extended until the center of the cruciform space. The results of the present research revealed that probably the stone – plaster platforms in the religious Sassanid sites in southern Iran are the equivalent of the plaster bases or platforms discovered in Sassanid fire temples in WESTERN Iran, known as the T-form platforms. Their function can be related to Yaziš n and their surrounding space can be interpreted as the yaziš ngā h or urwī sgā h. The present study attempts to make a logical connection between the archeological evidences and written resources in order to identify the function of the INTERIOR architectural elements inside Sassanid fire temples.

Lifestyle which encompasses social, cultural, and economic factors deeply impacts upon the people’ s behavioral patterns and mental attitudes. One of the manifestations of lifestyle is the quality of selecting living places, which in turn influences the architecture of the houses. The purpose of the present study is to examine the extent to which modern lifestyle affected Hamadanian people`s lifestyle as well as the architecture of their houses during the first Pahlavi regime. The study adopted a historical-interpretive analytical method which describes the modern lifestyle of Hamedanian people by taking the transition from tradition to modernity into account and investigates the conceptual components of the architectural modernism of the houses using architectural space analysis. The data for the study were collected through library resources and field study. The sampling method for the field study was purposive. To this end, all the houses built during the first Pahlavi regime which had documents and were possible to visit for a filed study were examined. The results provided evidence for the modernization of people`s lifestyle which led to new concepts of modern lifestyle, such as consumerism, the development of social interaction, the initial formation of civility, social distinction and status, and social importance of women. Moreover, the findings show that changes in lifestyle resulted in the formation of three different architectural patterns. Garden houses, street houses, and evolved traditional houses were considered as reflections of architectural changes. These evolutions show the changes in people`s lifestyle as a result of transition from tradition to modernity and the evolution of architectural space due to the changes in the quality of modernism style of life.

In this paper, we show that the relative algebraic INTERIOR is a suitable replacement for both of the topological INTERIOR and the algebraic INTERIOR for the cases where these are empty. Also, we present some properties of (relative) algebraic INTERIOR and some fixed point theorems for increasing mapping. The obtained results can be viewed as an extension and improvement of the known corresponding results. Also, some examples are to support our conclusions considered.

Hesitant fuzzy sets are very useful for dealing with group decision-making problems when experts have hesitation among several possible memberships for an element in a set. Recently, many researchers have used these concepts in clustering analysis and decision-making. In this article, the notions of hesitant hybrid subsemigroups and hesitant hybrid left(resp., right) ideals in a semigroup are introduced, and several properties are investigated. The concept of hesitant hybrid product is also introduced, and properties of hesitant hybrid subsemigroups and hybrid left (resp., right) ideals are considered using the notion of hesitant hybrid product. Relations between hesitant hybrid intersection and hesitant hybrid product are exhibited. Additionally, we establish hesitant hybrid INTERIOR ideals in semigroups and study theirproperties. Furthermore, we prove that in regular and intra-regular semigroups, the hesitant hybrid ideal and the hesitant hybrid INTERIOR ideals are coincide.